Intoeing, causes

Foot:

• Metatarsus adductus / Metatarsus varus (presents during newborn period)
• Clubfoot (talipes equinovarus)
• Pes planus (flat foot)

Leg:

• Tibial Torsion, internal/external (internal, presents in early walking child)
• Genu valgum (knock knees)
• tibia vara (Blount's Disease)
• bow legs

Hip

• Femoral anteversion (medial femoral torsion, internally rotated hip makes child sits in reverse tailor position: knees pointing forward, lower legs splayed back; presents at 4-5 years of age)
• paralysis (polio, myelomeningocele)
• spasticity (CP)
• maldirected acetabulum

CHLA Board Review 2005